HNDA- 1St Year -1st semester
Commercial Awareness
Lesson 4
Nature Of Management
Definitions of management
- Management is the art of getting things done through other people.
(Mery Parker Follet )
- The process of planning, organizing, leading & controlling the work of organization members & of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals.
(James A F Stoner )
Significance Of Management
- Achieving organizational goals & objective efficiently & effectively
- Getting maximum benefit from scare resources
- Doing the right things correctly
- Achieving needs of parties who are interested in organization's activities
- To ensure stability of organization in competitive environment.
Crucial Elements In Management
- Efficiency
The ability to minimize the resources in achieving organizational
objective
“Doing things right “
- Effectiveness
The ability to determine appropriate objective
“Doing the right things”
- Productivity
Getting more quality output with the less effort & resources
What Is Meant By Management
Process Of Management
Main Functions Of Managers / Management
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading (Staffing/Directing/Motivating/Communication)
- Controlling
Kinds Of Managers By Level & Areas
Manager
“People responsible for directing the efforts aimed at helping organizations
achieve their goals.”
A manager’s job is highly crucial to the success of any organization. It is the manager’s job to achieve the organizational objectives through the proper utilization of its human & material resources. However, since humans can only use the material resources of equipment, capital, facilities, information etc., the human resources are the most valuable assets of any organization. Accordingly, manager must be highly skilled in the art of optimally utilizing the human resources
Differences between Top, Middle and lower level Managers
Differences between Line and Staff Managers
Differences between General and Functional Managers
Levels Of Managers / Management
There are basically 3 levels of managers / management with relative standing in an organization’s hierarchy of authority. These levels are
- Top Managers
- Middle Managers
- First line/low level managers
Top Level Managers
- Managers responsible for overall management of the organization
- Typical titles of top managers are Managing Director(MD), President, Vice President, Chancellor, Vice chancellor ,
General Manager (GM), Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
- Followings are the main activities of top managers
- Deciding & Establishing organization’s Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives, & operating policies
- Making Strategic decision
- Making long range planning
- Deciding Investment ways for organization
- Guiding the organization interactions with its environment
Middle Managers
- Managers in the midrange of organizational hierarchy, they are responsible for Top managers.
- This level consists of divisional & departmental heads such as plant manager, production manager, marketing manager, personnel manager, finance manager
- Followings are the main activities of middle managers
- Interpreting policies & directions set by the top managers into specific plans & guide lines for action
- Coordinating the work of first line managers
- Concern with short term goals & specific results
- Spending more time for operational planning, information processing and day to day monitoring of their divisional activities.
- Implementing decisions of top managers
First Line/Low level Managers
- The lowest level in an organization at which individuals are responsible for the work of others (non-management workers).
- This level of managers includes supervisors, foremen, chief clerk etc.
- Followings are the main activities of middle managers
- Activating top managers & middle managers decisions
- Quality controlling
- Coordinating the work of their employees
- Planning day to day operations
- Assigning personnel to specific jobs
- Motivating employees
- Evaluating performance of workers
- Becoming link between the workers & middle management
Functional Managers
Managers Responsible for only one functional area, such as production, marketing, finance, human resource.
General Manager
The individual responsible for all functional activities such as productions, sales, finance for an organization
Fields of management / Fields of managers /Areas of managers
Marketing
Production
Personnel (HRM)
Finance
Technical (IT)
Operations
Administration
Managerial Skills
There are basically 3 kinds of skills needed by the managers .these are
- Conceptual skills
- Human skills
- Technical skill
Conceptual skills
- The ability to coordinate & integrate all of an organizations interest & activities(Ability to view the organization as a whole)
- Extremely crucial skill necessary for successful operations of top management
Human skill
- The ability to work with , understand, and motivate other people as individuals or in group
- This involves patience, trust and genuine involvement in interpersonal relationships
- This skill is necessary at all level of managers
Technical Skills
- The ability to use the procedures techniques and knowledge of specialized field
- This skills basically involve the knowledge, methods and techniques and ability to use these techniques in performing jobs effectively
- This skill is highly necessary at the lower level of management
* All three of these skills are essential to a manager, their relative importance depends
mainly on the manager’s rank in the organization .
Managerial Roles
According to Henry Mintzberg we can identified 3 major roles of managers and those roles are further subdivide into 10 roles.
Interpersonal Relationship (Interpersonal )
managers spend a considerable amount of time in increasing with other people both within & outside the organizations includes peers, supervisors, customers, government officers etc. All these interactions require an understanding of interrelations
Information Processing (Informational )
By virtue of his interpersonal contacts a manager emerges as a source of information about a variety of issues concerning the organization
Decision Making (Decisional)
On the basis of the environmental information received a manager must make decisions & solve organizational problems
The Basic Managerial Roles & Sample Activities
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